Ora*PePi [Parallel export Parallel import]
Ora*PePi is a superset of the Oracle export/import tools. PePi is currently capable of :
Ora*PePi makes extensive use of Korn shell and has been tested on AIX 4.3.x and Solaris. Pepi can be used under the GNU General Public License.
Ora*Pepi is a project maintained on SourceForge.
Ora*PePi is a data-driven tool by making use of a control table. This control table contains all tables and partitions that will take part of the export/import processflow. It consists of the following columns :
After configuring Ora*PePi [ run.conf ] the control table will be created in the destination or source database. The control table will be populated with all segments found in the source DB not owned by SYS or SYSTEM. If the table resides in the destination database then a DB LINK will be used for the population.
Once populated, the control table is used to :
During (and after) execution of the export/import, the control table can be queried to find out how many exp/imp's are running, have failed or still need to run. This also means that you can quickly recover from any errors by updating the status column in the control table to NO_OPERATION and rerun PePi.
If source and destination reside on different hosts - and both hosts can be equipped with multiple network adapters, PePi will provide Net8 load balancing during exp/imp by using these adapters in a randomized way.
PePi - once installed - is run from the 'crontab' using parallel_exp_run.ksh. It actually needs to be run every minute. Every execution, parallel_exp_run.ksh will evaluate the number of processes that are running and will spawn extra processes if necessary to maintain the specified amount of parallel degree. The great advantage here is, one can change parallel degree parameters, and the next time parallel_exp_run.ksh is run by cron, the new parallel degree can be applied on the fly. It also means that the export/import is resumable - just comment out the crontab entry and wait for the exp/imp processes to finish - kind of like a shutdown transactional. When you want to continue just activate the entry again...
PePi was completely written in Korn shell in an IBM RS6000 AIX environment. We all know there are minor differences between unix flavours (grep/awk/sed/...), so in order to make PePi run on other unix boxes, one should take a closer look at all parameters and adjust were necessary. First of all make sure you have ksh installed on your system, and that it resides in /usr/bin/ksh (linux users!).
All configuration is done in the file "run.conf". Make sure to take a closer look at the following parameters :
Solaris uses "/usr/xpg4/bin/grep -E"
AIX 4.2x and above use "grep -E"
SVR4 (Unisys, not sure about any other flavour) - use "egrep"
Solaris uses "/usr/xpg4/bin/awk -F"
AIX 4.2x and above use "awk -F"
SVR4 (Unisys, not sure about any other flavour) - uses "awk -F"
Solaris uses "/usr/xpg4/bin/grep -x"
AIX 4.2x and above use "grep -x"
SVR4 (Unisys, not sure about any other flavour) - uses "fgrep -x"
When you're performing an export/import of a database you're most probably performing a DB reorg. We first used this kind of massive parallel export/import when we had to reorg a 1TB database with 2000 tables/partitions spread over almost as many tablespaces. Because we wanted to increase the DB block size there was only one way to go - recreate the DB and export/import the full database. Luckily, we had the latest storage server at hand (SSA, Fiber Channel load balancing, 16GB cache etc) - but still ... what better place to store around 650GB of dump files than in a database itself ! So we created a target DB next to the source DB on the same machine. Now, if you have nice big hardware to play with, why do people always run one silly export and import at a time (it's not like it's mulithreaded or anything). So this is were we started off spawning a massive amount of exp/imp processes and did the full exp/imp in 10 hours (I still haven't found anyone who has beaten our record).
This is nice and all - but when you read this something should tell you that these scripts are fairly useless on your 2-way/ 4 disk Sun box. PePi will only prove itself useful on BIG unix boxes with a large amount of disks, large amount of FAST I/O controllers (like IBM's ESS Shark or EMC boxes) and big fat juicy databases! I don't think I need to explain why - it'll generate MASSIVE I/O !
Anyhow - when you're recreating a DB you might as well fiddle around with segment definitions and pre-create them with new storage parameters. For example we revisited pctfree, pctused, initial extent, next extent, pct increase, freelist, freelist group and parallel degree of every table using Pretoria - GUI tools might be easier to use but you can throw them away if you need to click 5 times a segment and you have 2000 of them.
Because this is a table per table (or partition per partition) export/import you'll need to pre-create the Oracle users in the destination database and provide them with the necessary privileges.
After configuring [ run.conf ] PePi needs to install itself by running parallel_exp_install.sh :
Verify that you DO NOT HAVE A TABLE named in the run.conf as ${CONTROL_TABLE_NAME} that contains user data as it will be DROPPED in favour of this scripts semaphore unit. Also make sure that if your database contains many data segments, that you have adequately sized rollback segments as this script creates its control semaphore with a "CREATE TABLE AS".
Parallel executes Oracle export/import scripts that were pre-created by the script
"parallel_exp_install.ksh".
This script accepts three parameters.
Typically place this script to run from crontab every minute. WARNING - once you have place this script in crontab the whole mechanism of exp/imp process spawning will ignite and a thunderbolt of lightning will strike on your machine ! What we tend to do is start with a small parallel degree (say parallel degree equals number of CPU's) and monitor the unix runqueue and waitqueue. Then we start augmenting the parallel degree parameter for parallel_exp_run.ksh in the crontab. Naturally, this setup will be I/O bound - however - if your disk layout is thoroughly tuned you will be able to fill your runqueue - this should be your goal ... fill the runqueue with a minimum wait for I/O. Example - we have been able to run these scripts with a parallel degree of 256
These are the ones where the fun kicks in - some people will find this 'unprofessional' but basically everything we describe here we have used ourselves - and sometimes it went terrible wrong. The following tips can result in corrupted databases - so use WITH CARE - OR NOT AT ALL !!!
If your database crashed while using _DISABLE_LOGGING=TRUE, it'll only contain data since the LAST CHECKPOINT !
Just for the record - we have never ever lost any data - we have excellent backup and recovery procedures as well !
Kurt Van Meerbeeck (kurtvm@pandora.be or kurt_van_meerbeeck@axi.be) is an Oracle DBA/Consultant for AXI NV Belgium / AXI BV The Netherlands. His personal webpage is http://zap.to/knal.
Kugendran Naidoo (kugenn@absa.co.za) is a freelance Oracle DBA currently working for ABSA Bank, Johannesburg South Africa.
The initial script was written by Kurt Van Meerbeeck - it contained a base locking scheme, parallel simultaneous export/import with on the fly adjustable parallel degree and support for partitions. The code was ugly like a dog and not very user friendly. Kugendran Naidoo redesigned/tuned/cleanup, basically rewrote the whole mess in his spare time and added some nice features (Net8 support + load balancing, large table run ratio, pre-generation of scripts (instead of 'at runtime') and some nifty error trapping) while doing so. The result was Ora*PePi.
These scripts were *designed* to make your server SCREAM !
Some fine examples of the typical DBA |
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And now for the legal mambo jumbo :
The short version :
We are linux followers, so all software is free. Hack, chop and improve this script at will. If you find errors and make improvements drop us a line. Use this script at your own risk - we have used it and it works, but then we wrote this organized mess and are well aware of all subtle features ie. "bugs".
The long version :
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Copyright (C) 2001 Kurt Van Meerbeeck - Kugendran Naidoo This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.